European exposure factor data have been collected in one centrally available, freely accessible site on the Internet: the ExpoFacts database. The process of compiling the database required locating the exposure factor data and evaluating its general applicability and public availability. […]
Many chemicals are used daily in the home, in diverse end-uses such as cleaning, renovating and caring for houseplants. Product labels give advice on safe use, but there is scope to improve understanding of potential risks. One approach is to […]
Exposure assessment plays a key role in the risk assessment procedure. In order to quantify the associated risk and health impact of a possible pollutant, it is necessary to obtain a description of the full-range of exposure distribution. This project […]
Substantial research has been underway for many years on the health effects of pollutants in domestic and commercial buildings. This project has developed a searchable database (termed IERIE) of recent, current and planned indoor environment research activities across Europe. Existing […]
DNA adducts are biomarkers of genotoxicity, and there is an ongoing discussion whether the dose response for DNA-adduct levels also predicts the dose response for mutation or even cancer. A linear low dose-effect relationship is plausible for the rate of […]
The common current assumption is that there is an essentially linear relationship between exposure to genotoxic chemicals, DNA lesion formation and the induction of mutagenic changes. A number of studies of DNA adduct induction indicate that such a linear relationship […]
Specific DNA adducts have been shown to cause gene mutations and carcinogenesis but despite extensive work the biological significance of DNA adduct levels in human populations is largely unknown, in part because all human tissues contain DNA adducts of varying […]
Naturally-occurring and man-made chemicals are widespread in the environment. Predictions of human health risks are usually based on laboratory tests on animals such as rats and mice. Occasionally, cancer does occur in mice alone or in both rats and mice […]
Skin cancers are very common in humans - with around one million cases/year in the US - and their development can be affected by stimulators of growth such as certain chemicals. Although initiation is clearly extremely important, clonal expansion (promotion) […]
Many environmental chemicals which have been shown to cause cancer in rodents have been implicated in human cancer. However, establishing cause and effect in humans is often impossible. Today, the only accepted test for human carcinogenicity is the two-year rodent […]
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